The drinks are usually called chimarrão (hot traditionally served in a gourd), tereré (cold traditionally served in a bull horn), or chá mate (hot or cold lit. The Portuguese name for the plant is pronounced variously as, in the areas of traditional consumption. Yerba mate, therefore, originally translated as literally the 'gourd herb' i.e., the herb one drinks from a gourd. In Argentina, yerba refers exclusively to the yerba mate plant. It may also be used in reference to marijuana ( Cannabis sativa). Yerba may be understood as 'herb', but also as 'grass' or 'weed'. The word hierba is Spanish for 'herb', yerba is the variant spelling of hierba, used throughout Latin America. The accent on the word mAte is on the first syllable. The pronunciation of yerba mate in Spanish is. The word mate is used in modern Portuguese and Spanish. Mate is from the Quechua mati, a word that means 'container for a drink' and 'infusion of an herb', as well as 'gourd'. Congonha, in Portuguese, a term describing several herb species, is derived from the Tupí expression kõ'gõi, meaning something like 'what keeps us alive', but is rarely used nowadays. The name given to the plant in the Guaraní language (of the indigenous people who first used mate) is ka'a, which has the same meaning as 'herb'. Yerba mate can now be found worldwide in various energy drinks as well as being sold as a bottled or canned iced tea. It has also become popular in the Druze and Alawite community in the Levant, especially in Syria and Lebanon, where it is imported from Paraguay and Argentina, thanks to 19th-century Syrian immigrants to Argentina. Mate is traditionally consumed in central and southern regions of South America, primarily in Paraguay, as well as in Argentina, Uruguay, Southern Brazil, the Gran Chaco of Bolivia, and southern Chile. After the Jesuits discovered its commercialization potential, yerba mate became widespread throughout the province and even elsewhere in the Spanish Crown. Its consumption was exclusive to the natives of only two regions of the territory that today is Paraguay, more specifically the departments of Amambay and Alto Paraná. The indigenous Guaraní and some Tupi communities (whose territory covered present-day Paraguay) first cultivated and consumed yerba mate prior to European colonization of the Americas. Both the plant and the beverage contain caffeine. The leaves of the plant can be steeped in hot water to make a beverage known as mate. It was named by the French botanist Augustin Saint-Hilaire. Yerba mate or yerba-maté ( Ilex paraguariensis from Spanish Portuguese: erva-mate, Portuguese pronunciation: or Guarani: ka'a, IPA: ) is a plant species of the holly genus Ilex native to South America.
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